Zoyambira za Copper Foil mu Mabatire a Lithium Ion

Chimodzi mwazitsulo zofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi mkuwa. Popanda izo, sitingathe kuchita zinthu zomwe timaziona mopepuka monga kuyatsa magetsi kapena kuonera TV. Mkuwa ndi mitsempha yomwe imapangitsa makompyuta kugwira ntchito. Sitikanatha kuyenda m'magalimoto opanda mkuwa. Matelefoni akanasiya kufa. Ndipo mabatire a lithiamu-ion sangagwire ntchito popanda iwo.

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo monga mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu kupanga magetsi. Batire iliyonse ya lithiamu-ion ili ndi graphite anode, cathode yachitsulo ya oxide, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte omwe amatetezedwa ndi olekanitsa. Kulipiritsa batire kumapangitsa kuti ma ion a lithiamu ayendetse ma electrolyte ndikusonkhanitsa pa anode ya graphite pamodzi ndi ma elekitironi otumizidwa kudzera mu kulumikizana. Kutulutsa batire kumatumiza ma ion kumbuyo komwe adabwera ndikukakamiza ma elekitironi kuti adutse dera ndikupanga magetsi. Batire idzachepa pamene ma ion a lithiamu ndi ma electron abwerera ku cathode.

Ndiye, ndi gawo lanji lomwe mkuwa umachita ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion? Graphite imaphatikizidwa ndi mkuwa popanga anode. Mkuwa umalimbana ndi oxidization, yomwe ndi njira yamankhwala pomwe ma elekitironi a chinthu chimodzi amatayika ku chinthu china. Izi zimayambitsa dzimbiri. Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumachitika pamene mankhwala ndi okosijeni zimagwirizana ndi chinthu, monga momwe chitsulo chimakhudzira madzi ndi mpweya kumapanga dzimbiri. Mkuwa kwenikweni suchita dzimbiri.

Chojambula chamkuwaamagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu mabatire a lithiamu-ion chifukwa palibe zoletsa ndi kukula kwake. Mutha kukhala nayo nthawi yayitali momwe mukufunira komanso yowonda momwe mukufunira. Copper ndi chikhalidwe chake chosonkhanitsa champhamvu, komanso chimalola kubalalitsidwa kwakukulu komanso kofanana kwamakono.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zojambulazo zamkuwa: zopindika ndi electrolytic. Chojambula chanu chamkuwa chokulungidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazamisiri ndi mapangidwe aliwonse. Amapangidwa kudzera munjira yobweretsa kutentha kwinaku akukanikizira pansi ndi zikhomo. Kupanga zojambula zamkuwa za electrolytic ndizoti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri. Zimayamba ndikusungunula mkuwa wapamwamba kwambiri mu asidi. Izi zimapanga electrolyte yamkuwa yomwe imatha kuwonjezeredwa ku mkuwa kudzera mu njira yotchedwa electrolytic plating. Pochita izi, magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito powonjezera electrolyte yamkuwa ku zojambula zamkuwa m'ng'oma zozungulira zamagetsi.

Chojambula chamkuwa sichikhala ndi zolakwika zake. Copper zojambulazo zimatha kupotoza. Ngati izi zitachitika ndiye kuti kusonkhanitsa mphamvu ndi kubalalitsidwa kungakhudzidwe kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zojambula zamkuwa zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zakunja monga ma electromagnetic sign, mphamvu ya microwave, komanso kutentha kwambiri. Zinthu zimenezi zimatha kuchepetsa kapena kuwononga luso la zojambulazo za mkuwa kuti zigwire bwino ntchito. Ma alkalis ndi ma asidi ena amatha kuwononga luso la zojambulazo zamkuwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampani mongaCIVENZitsulo zimapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zojambula zamkuwa.

Amateteza zojambula zamkuwa zomwe zimalimbana ndi kutentha ndi kusokoneza zina. Amapanga zojambula zamkuwa pazinthu zinazake monga matabwa osindikizira (PCBs) ndi ma flexible circuit board (FCBs). Mwachilengedwe amapanga zojambula zamkuwa zamabatire a lithiamu-ion.

Mabatire a Lithium-ion ayamba kukhala chizolowezi, makamaka ndi magalimoto pomwe amayatsa ma motor induction monga omwe Tesla amapanga. Ma motor induction ali ndi magawo ochepa osuntha ndipo amagwira bwino ntchito. Ma motors induction adawonedwa ngati osatheka kupatsidwa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zinalibe panthawiyo. Tesla adatha kupanga izi ndi ma cell awo a lithiamu-ion batire. Selo lililonse limapangidwa ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion, onse omwe amakhala ndi zojambula zamkuwa.

Kufunika kwa zojambula zamkuwa kwafika patali kwambiri. Msika wa zojambula zamkuwa udapanga madola 7 biliyoni aku America mu 2019 ndipo akuyembekezeka kupanga madola 8 biliyoni aku America mu 2026. Izi ndichifukwa chakusintha kwamakampani opanga magalimoto omwe akulonjeza kuti asintha kuchokera ku injini zoyatsira mkati kupita ku mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Komabe, si magalimoto okhawo omwe akhudzidwa chifukwa makompyuta ndi zamagetsi zina zimagwiritsanso ntchito zojambula zamkuwa. Izi zidzangotsimikizira kuti mtengo wazojambula zamkuwaidzapitirira kukwera m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion adayamba kukhala ovomerezeka mu 1976, ndipo adzapangidwa ndi malonda ambiri mu 1991. Zaka zotsatira, mabatire a lithiamu-ion adzakhala otchuka kwambiri ndipo adzasinthidwa kwambiri. Poganizira momwe amagwiritsira ntchito magalimoto, ndizomveka kunena kuti adzapeza ntchito zina m'dziko lodalira mphamvu zoyaka chifukwa zimakhala zowonjezeretsa komanso zothandiza kwambiri. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi tsogolo la mphamvu, koma alibe kanthu popanda zojambula zamkuwa.