Chimodzi mwazitsulo zofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi. Popanda izi, sitingathe kuchita zinthu zomwe timazisamalira monga kutembenuka magetsi kapena kuonera TV. Copper ndi maluso omwe amapanga makompyuta. Sitinathe kuyenda magalimoto opanda mkuwa. Ma telefoni amasiya kufa. Ndipo mabatire a lirium-ion sagwira ntchito konse popanda iyo.
Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo monga mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu kuti apange chindapusa chamagetsi. Batri iliyonse ya lithium-ion ili ndi malo owoneka bwino, zitsulo oxide, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirole otetezedwa ndi olekanitsidwa ndi olekanitsa. Kulipiritsa batire kumayambitsa iyo ya lithiamu kuti idutse ma elekitiroli ndi kusonkhanitsa malo a graphite pamodzi ndi ma elekitironi omwe amatumizidwa kudzera mu kulumikizana. Kutsitsa betri kumatumiza manyezi kumbuyo komwe amabwera ndikukakamiza ma elekitirolo kuti adutse dera lopanga magetsi. Batire lidzatha litatha likadali ma elekitala onse a Lithiamu atabwerera ku CastOde.
Chifukwa chake, ndi gawo liti lomwe kusewera kwa mkuwa ndi mabatire a litimu-ion? Graphite amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mkuwa popanga mawonekedwe. Copper imalimbana ndi oxidization, yomwe ndi njira yamankhwala yomwe ma elekitoni a chinthu chimodzi amataika ku chinthu china. Izi zimayambitsa kututa. Oxidization zimachitika mukakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chinthucho, monga momwe chitsulo chimakumana ndi madzi ndi mpweya umapanga dzimbiri. Mkuwa umakhala kuti sunawonongeke.
Zojambula Zakukuluzimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mabatiri a lithiamu chifukwa palibe zoletsa zake ndi kukula kwake. Mutha kukhala ndi bola momwe mungafune komanso ochepa momwe mungafune. Mkuwa ndi chikhalidwe chake chosema champhamvu chamakono, koma chimaperekanso chobalalitsa chachikulu ndi chofanana.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya zonditina: yogudubudwa ndi electrolytic. Ndinu zojambula zokutira zamkuwa zamkuntho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazojambula ndi kapangidwe kake. Amapangidwa kudzera mu njira yoyambitsa kutentha pomwe mukukakamizidwa ndi zikhomo. Kupanga zojambulazo zamkuwa zamkuwa zamkuwa ndizomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo ndizovuta. Zimayamba ndikusungunula zamkuwa zapamwamba kwambiri mu asidi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti electrolyte ya mkuwa yomwe imatha kuwonjezeredwa pamkuwa kudzera munjira yotchedwa electrolytic. Munjira iyi, magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pazamachipatala omwe ali ndi zojambulazo zamkuwa pamalonda ozungulira.
Zovala zamkuwa zamkuwa sizabwino. Zovala za mkuwa zimatha kukhazikika. Ngati izi zikachitika ndiye mphamvu zosonkhanitsa ndi kubalalika zimatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri. Zovuta zomwe zojambulazo zamkuwa zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi kunja komwe kumachokera kunja ngati chizindikiro chamagetsi, microwave mphamvu, komanso kutentha kwambiri. Zinthu izi zimatha kuchepetsa kapena kuwononga luso la Copy la mkuwa kuthana bwino. Alkali ndi acid ena amatha kuwononga chinsalu cha mkuwa. Izi ndichifukwa makampani mongaCinyamaZitsulo zimapanga zogulitsa zamkuwa zamkuwa.
Asunga zojambula zojambula zamkuwa zomwe zimamenyera kutentha ndi mitundu ina yosokoneza. Amapanga zojambulazo zamkuwa za zinthu zina monga matabwa osindikizidwa (PCB) ndi matabwa osinthika (fcbs). Mwachilengedwe amapanga zojambula zamkuwa zamkuwa za mabatire a lithiamu.
Mabatire a lithiamu-ion akuyamba kuzizolowera, makamaka ndi magalimoto chifukwa amalimbikitsa moments monga tesla amapanga. Motoni zokongoletsera zimakhala ndi zigawo zochepa ndipo zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino. Motors zowonetsera ziwonetserozi zinkadziwika kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri zomwe sizinapezeke panthawiyo. Tesla adatha kupangitsa izi kuti zichitike ndi maselo awo a batri. Selo lililonse limapangidwa ndi mabatire a lirium - omwe onse ali ndi zojambula zamkuwa.
Kufuna kwa zojambulajambula zamkuwa kwafika pamiyendo yayitali. Msika wamkuwa wopangidwa ndi madola 7 biliyoni a America mu 2019 ndipo akuyembekezeka kupanga madola oposa 8 biliyoni a America mu 2026. Izi ndichifukwa cha kusungitsa mafinya a mkati mwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Komabe, magalimoto sakhala mafiyira okha omwe amakhudzidwa ndi makompyuta ndi zamagetsi zimagwiritsanso ntchito zojambula zamkuwa. Izi zimangotsimikizira kuti mtengo waZojambula Zakukuluapitilizabe kukwera m'zaka zobwerazi.
Mabatire a Lithiamu anayamba kuvomerezedwa mu 1976, ndipo amapanga misa yamafuta mu 1991. Zaka zomwe zinatsatiridwa, mabatire a limiyamu amakhala otchuka kwambiri ndipo amatukuka. Pogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto pamagalimoto, ndizosatheka kunena kuti apezanso ntchito zina m'dziko logwirizana kwambiri momwe amathandiziranso komanso othandiza. Mabatire a lithiamu ndi tsogolo la mphamvu, koma sianthu opanda zojambula.
Post Nthawi: Aug-25-2022