Maziko a Copper Foil mu Mabatire a Lithium Ion

Chimodzi mwa zitsulo zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi mkuwa. Popanda mkuwa, sitingathe kuchita zinthu zomwe timaziona ngati zosafunikira monga kuyatsa magetsi kapena kuonera TV. Mkuwa ndi mitsempha yomwe imapangitsa makompyuta kugwira ntchito. Sitingathe kuyenda m'magalimoto opanda mkuwa. Kulankhulana kwa mafoni kungasiye kugwira ntchito. Ndipo mabatire a lithiamu-ion sangagwire ntchito konse popanda mkuwa.

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo monga mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu kuti apange mphamvu zamagetsi. Batire iliyonse ya lithiamu-ion ili ndi graphite anode, metal oxide cathode, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte omwe amatetezedwa ndi cholekanitsa. Kuchaja batire kumapangitsa kuti ma lithiamu ions ayende kudzera mu ma electrolyte ndikusonkhana pa graphite anode limodzi ndi ma electron omwe amatumizidwa kudzera mu cholumikiziracho. Kutsegula batire kumatumiza ma ion kubwerera komwe adachokera ndikukakamiza ma electron kudutsa mu dera ndikupanga magetsi. Batireyo idzatha ma ion onse a lithiamu ndi ma electron abwerera ku cathode.

Ndiye, kodi mkuwa umagwira ntchito yanji ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion? Graphite imasakanizidwa ndi mkuwa popanga anode. Mkuwa umalimbana ndi okosijeni, yomwe ndi njira ya mankhwala yomwe ma elekitironi a chinthu chimodzi amatayika ku chinthu china. Izi zimayambitsa dzimbiri. Oxidation imachitika pamene mankhwala ndi mpweya zimagwirizana ndi chinthu, monga momwe chitsulo chikakhudzana ndi madzi ndi mpweya zimapangitsa dzimbiri. Mkuwa kwenikweni sungatetezedwe ku dzimbiri.

Foyilo yamkuwaimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mabatire a lithiamu-ion chifukwa palibe zoletsa pa kukula kwake. Mutha kukhala nayo nthawi yayitali momwe mukufunira komanso yopyapyala momwe mukufunira. Mkuwa ndi wosonkhanitsa mphamvu yamagetsi, komanso umalola kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ifalikire mofanana.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya pepala la mkuwa: lopindidwa ndi la electrolytic. Chojambula cha mkuwa chopindidwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zamanja ndi mapangidwe onse. Chimapangidwa kudzera mu njira yoyatsira kutentha pamene chikukanikizidwa ndi mapini opindidwa. Kupanga pepala la mkuwa la electrolytic ndi komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito muukadaulo kumakhala kovuta pang'ono. Kumayamba ndi kusungunula mkuwa wabwino kwambiri mu asidi. Izi zimapanga electrolyte yamkuwa yomwe ingawonjezedwe ku mkuwa kudzera mu njira yotchedwa electrolytic plating. Munjira iyi, magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera electrolyte yamkuwa ku pepala la mkuwa m'madiramu ozungulira omwe ali ndi magetsi.

Foyilo yamkuwa siili ndi zolakwika zake. Foyilo yamkuwa imatha kupindika. Ngati zimenezo zitachitika ndiye kuti kusonkhanitsa mphamvu ndi kufalikira kwa mphamvu kungakhudzidwe kwambiri. Komanso, foyilo yamkuwa ingakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zakunja monga ma electromagnetic signals, mphamvu ya microwave, ndi kutentha kwambiri. Zinthuzi zitha kuchepetsa kapena kuwononga luso la foyilo yamkuwa kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Alkalis ndi ma acid ena amatha kuwononga mphamvu ya foyilo yamkuwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake makampani mongaCIVENZitsulo zimapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi mkuwa.

Ali ndi pepala loteteza la mkuwa lomwe limalimbana ndi kutentha ndi mitundu ina ya kusokoneza. Amapanga pepala la mkuwa la zinthu zinazake monga ma circuit board osindikizidwa (PCBs) ndi ma flexible circuit board (FCBs). Mwachibadwa amapanga pepala la mkuwa la mabatire a lithiamu-ion.

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion akuyamba kutchuka kwambiri, makamaka ndi magalimoto chifukwa amagwiritsa ntchito ma induction motors monga omwe Tesla amapanga. Ma induction motors ali ndi zigawo zochepa zoyenda ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino. Ma induction motors ankaonedwa kuti ndi osatheka kupezeka chifukwa cha mphamvu zomwe sizinalipo panthawiyo. Tesla inatha kupangitsa izi kuchitika ndi ma batri awo a lithiamu-ion. Selo lililonse limapangidwa ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion, onse omwe ali ndi foil yamkuwa.

Kufunika kwa zojambula zamkuwa kwafika pamlingo waukulu. Msika wa zojambula zamkuwa unapanga ndalama zoposa madola 7 biliyoni ku America mu 2019 ndipo ukuyembekezeka kupanga ndalama zoposa madola 8 biliyoni ku America mu 2026. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa makampani opanga magalimoto omwe akulonjeza kusintha kuchoka pa injini zoyatsira moto zamkati kupita ku mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Komabe, magalimoto si okhawo omwe akukhudzidwa chifukwa makompyuta ndi zida zina zamagetsi amagwiritsanso ntchito zojambula zamkuwa. Izi zidzangotsimikizira kuti mtengo wapepala la mkuwaidzapitirira kukwera m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

Mabatire a lithiamu-ion adapangidwa koyamba mu 1976, ndipo adapangidwa mochuluka mu 1991. M'zaka zotsatira, mabatire a lithiamu-ion adatchuka kwambiri ndipo adasinthidwa kwambiri. Popeza amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto, ndizotheka kunena kuti apeza ntchito zina m'dziko lodalira mphamvu zoyaka chifukwa amatha kubwezeretsedwanso komanso kugwira ntchito bwino. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi tsogolo la mphamvu, koma si kanthu popanda zojambula zamkuwa.