Njira Yopangira ndi Kupanga Copper Foil

Foyilo yamkuwa, yomwe imawoneka ngati pepala lopyapyala kwambiri la mkuwa, ili ndi njira yophweka komanso yovuta kwambiri yopangira. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa ndi kuyeretsa mkuwa, kupanga foyilo yamkuwa, ndi njira zogwirira ntchito pambuyo pokonza.

Gawo loyamba ndi kuchotsa ndi kuyenga mkuwa. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku United States Geological Survey (USGS), kupanga mkuwa padziko lonse lapansi kunafika matani 20 miliyoni mu 2021 (USGS, 2021). Pambuyo pochotsa mkuwa, kudzera mu njira monga kuphwanya, kupukuta, ndi kuyandama, mkuwa wokhala ndi pafupifupi 30% ya mkuwa ungapezeke. Kenako mkuwa wochulukawu umapangidwanso, kuphatikizapo kusungunula, kusintha kusintha, ndi electrolysis, zomwe pamapeto pake zimapangitsa mkuwa wa electrolytic kukhala woyera mpaka 99.99%.

Kenako pakubwera njira yopangira zojambula zamkuwa, zomwe zingagawidwe m'magulu awiri kutengera njira yopangira: zojambula zamkuwa za electrolytic ndi zojambula zamkuwa zokulungidwa.

Chojambula cha mkuwa cha electrolytic chimapangidwa kudzera mu njira ya electrolytic. Mu selo ya electrolytic, anode ya mkuwa imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha mphamvu ya electrolyte, ndipo ma ayoni a mkuwa, oyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, amasunthira ku cathode ndikupanga ma depositi a mkuwa pamwamba pa cathode. Kukhuthala kwa chojambula cha mkuwa cha electrolytic nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa ma micrometer 5 mpaka 200, zomwe zimatha kulamulidwa bwino malinga ndi zosowa za ukadaulo wa printed circuit board (PCB) (Yu, 1988).

Koma cholembera cha mkuwa chopindidwa chimapangidwa ndi makina. Kuyambira pa pepala la mkuwa lokhala ndi makulidwe a mamilimita angapo, pang'onopang'ono chimachepetsedwa pochizungulira, pamapeto pake chimapanga cholembera cha mkuwa chokhala ndi makulidwe pa mulingo wa micrometer (Coombs Jr., 2007). Mtundu uwu wa cholembera cha mkuwa uli ndi malo osalala kuposa cholembera cha mkuwa cha electrolytic, koma njira yake yopangira imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.

Pambuyo poti cholembera cha mkuwa chapangidwa, nthawi zambiri chimayenera kukonzedwa pambuyo pake, kuphatikizapo kukonzedwanso, kukonzedwa pamwamba, ndi zina zotero, kuti chigwire bwino ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzedwanso kumatha kukulitsa kulimba kwa cholembera cha mkuwa, pomwe kukonza pamwamba (monga kukhuthala kapena kuphimba) kumatha kukulitsa kukana dzimbiri ndi kumamatira kwa cholembera cha mkuwa.

Mwachidule, ngakhale kuti njira yopangira ndi kupanga zojambula zamkuwa ndi yovuta, kutulutsa zinthu kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wathu wamakono. Ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, kusintha zachilengedwe kukhala zinthu zamakono pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolondola zopangira.

Komabe, njira yopangira zojambula zamkuwa imabweretsanso mavuto ena, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kuwononga chilengedwe, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi lipoti, kupanga tani imodzi ya mkuwa kumafuna mphamvu pafupifupi 220GJ, ndipo kumapanga matani 2.2 a mpweya wa carbon dioxide (Northey et al., 2014). Chifukwa chake, tifunika kupeza njira zogwira mtima komanso zosawononga chilengedwe zopangira zojambula zamkuwa.

Njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli ndikugwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wobwezerezedwanso popanga zojambulazo zamkuwa. Zanenedwa kuti mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mkuwa wobwezerezedwanso ndi 20% yokha ya mkuwa woyambirira, ndipo zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamkuwa (UNEP, 2011). Kuphatikiza apo, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, titha kupanga njira zopangira zojambulazo zamkuwa zogwira mtima komanso zopulumutsa mphamvu, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwononga chilengedwe.

Pomaliza, njira yopangira ndi kupanga zojambula zamkuwa ndi gawo laukadaulo lodzaza ndi zovuta komanso mwayi. Ngakhale tapita patsogolo kwambiri, pali ntchito yambiri yoti ichitike kuti zojambula zamkuwa zikwaniritse zosowa zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kuteteza chilengedwe chathu.